![]() ![]() ![]() It is widely recognized that strength and ductility depend on the presence of crystal defects (e.g., dislocations and twins) and how they evolve and are rearranged under thermal mechanical coupling conditions. Strength and ductility (toughness) are two key mechanical properties of crystalline metallic materials, especially in advanced steels. The processing parameters, both individually and coupled, affect microstructures in respect of thermodynamical equilibrium and nonequilibrium. Due to the complexity of the microstructures and their evolutions in advanced steels, the whole process design and control is crucial-from casting and forging to manufacturing and heat treatment. Advanced steel structures should satisfy multiple structural requirements during service conditions, which can be in the context of some extreme operational environments, such as high-temperature strength and creep strength, toughness, and the dimensional stability of the components. Various types of advanced steels are used in modern industry and engineering applications.
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